Leadership and Organizational Intelligence

Chief Knowledge Officer

Joseph Goedert, Expert says it’s time for Health Care to create ‘Chief Knowledge Officer’ position. Health Data Management, Oct 2011

Chief Learning Officer

CLO Magazine

Josh Bersin, Today’s Chief Learning Officer (November 2010)

“A few years ago I wrote an article about how the CLO is really three people:  A Chief Culture Officer (driving engagement, learning, and collaboration), A Chief Performance Officer (driving employee performance, alignment, and skills);  and a Chief Change Officer
(vigilantly driving change, seeing the future, and helping the CEO and
other leaders transform the workforce as the business and workforce
changes).  Today, more than ever, the CLO must be all three.”

Chief Sensemaking Officer

Peter Flemming Teunissen Sjoelin, Making Sense: One of the Components of Achieving Holistic Management (Jan 2011); Holistic Management in a Context of Enterprise IT Management and Organizational Leadership (May 2011)

Chief Collaboration Officer

Morten T. Hansen, Scott Tapp, Who Should be Your Chief Collaboration Officer? HBR Oct 2010

Lydia Dishman, Why Your Company Needs A Chief Collaboration Officer. Fast Company, May 2012


Is this several different (but overlapping) positions, or several labels for the same position?  I believe these are all aspects of Organizational Intelligence, and call for coordinated leadership. That doesn’t necessarily mean a single position, but certainly not a set of disconnected or rival initiatives.


And who will take such positions? Hansen and Tapp suggest that the responsibilities should be added to one of the existing C-level roles – probably one of the following five.

  • The current CIO. 
  • The current HR head. 
  • The current COO. 
  • The current CFO.
  • The current head of strategy.

I agree that organizational intelligence might reasonably be added to any of these disciplines, but it would undoubtedly represent a radical shift for the traditional disciplines that dominate these functions. Leadership indeed.

Dangling Conversation

@markhillary asks “When you follow company Twitter accounts, do you like being able to see who runs the account, like a named person on the profile?”

I think that depends how gullible you are. When I get a letter signed by an Important Person, I gener…

OrgIntelligence in Iran

In my previous post, I reviewed Karl Albrecht’s model of Organizational Intelligence. For some reason, this model is popular in Iran, and I have found numerous academic studies using Albrecht’s assessment questionnaire as a research tool. Here are some…

OrgIntelligence in Iran

In my previous post, I reviewed Karl Albrecht’s model of Organizational Intelligence. For some reason, this model is popular in Iran, and I have found numerous academic studies using Albrecht’s assessment questionnaire as a research tool. Here are some of the findings.

  • A positive correlation between organizational
    intelligence and knowledge management (Marjani and Arabi, Mooghali and Azizi, Yaghoubi et al 2011, Yaghoubi et al 2012)
  • A positive correlation between organizational
    intelligence and staff performance (Marjani and Soheilipour)
  • A positive correlation between organizational intelligence and creativity (Mehrara et al) 
  • A positive correlation between organizational intelligence and organizational excellence (Ahadinezhad et al)

Zarbakhsh et al raise doubts about the robustness of the Albrecht questionnaire as a research tool. Using a self-assessment questionnaire to investigate differences between organizations requires careful interpretation, so that we don’t simply measure the self-delusion of the organizations in question.

This is of course particularly problematic with organizational intelligence, because intelligence is often associated with a degree of self-criticism. An organization that perceives its own intelligence shortcomings may well be more intelligent than an organization that believes its intelligence is perfectly fit-for-purpose thank-you-very-much.

But there is a larger question. Albrecht’s questionnaire is based on a list of characteristics that he thinks to be associated with organizational intelligence. Most of these researchers have merely run statistical tests to compare Albrecht’s lists of characteristics with each other, and with lists of characteristics from other sources, supposed to be associated with things like knowledge management and creativity. What we are mostly missing is a critical investigation of whether Albrecht’s model offers a reasonable measure of the strategic value that we might expect to follow from organizational intelligence.

    I have also developed a self-assessment questionnaire for organizational intelligence, which I have used in consulting exercises but which has not yet been comprehensively tested. I should be most interested in any research that would help me callibrate this questionnaire against objective outcomes, and I invite these and any other researchers to contact me for a copy of the questionnaire.


    Massoumeh Ahadinezhad, Rokhsareh Badami, Mina Mostahfezian, Organizational Intelligence and Excellence Based on EFQM Model Among the Isfahan Boards are Related (pdf) World Journal of Sports Science 6(4): 328-330 (2012) ISSN 2078-4724

    Amir Babak Marjani, Parvin Arabi, The Role of Organizational Intelligence in Organizational Knowledge Management (The Case of The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran) (pdf). European Journal of Social Sciences (EJSS) Vol.25 No.3 (2011), pp.49-58 ISSN 1450-2267

    Amir Babak Marjani, Mojdeh Soheilipour, The Relationship between Organizational Intelligence and Staff Performance Based on the Model of Karl Albrecht (pdf) (The case of Iran Branch, China National Petroleum Company) International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 4 (February 2012) [Abstract]

    Hassan Zarei Matin, Golamreza Jandaghi, Ali Hamidizadeh, Fateme Haj Karimi, Studying Status of Organizational Intelligence in Selected Public Offices of Qom (pdf) European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 14, Number 4 (2010)

    Asadollah Mehrara, Sonbollah Azami Saroklaei, Mojtaba Sadeghi, Afsaneh Fatthi, Relation between Organizational Intelligence and Creativity of Managers in Public Junior High Schools of East of Gilan Province (pdf) J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(4)3311-3315, (2012) ISSN 2090-4304

    A.R Mooghali, A.R. Azizi, Relation between Organizational Intelligence and Organizational Knowledge Management Development (pdf) World Applied Sciences Journal, Volume 4 Number 1, (2008)

    Narjes Al-Sadat Nasabi, Ali Reza Safarpour, Key Factors in Achieving to an Intelligent Organization in the View of Employee in Shiraz University of Medical Science in 2008 (pdf) Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4): 3492-3499 (2009) ISSN 1991-8178 [Abstract]

    Nour-Mohammad Yaghoubi, Elham Behtarinejad, Saeed Gholami, Hamed Armesh, The relationship between strategic processes of knowledge management and organizational intelligence (pdf) African Journal of Business Management Vol. 6 (7), pp. 2626-2633, 22 February, 2012 
    DOI: 10.5897/AJBM11.1398
    ISSN 1993-8233

    Nour-Mohammad Yaghoubi, Mahdi Salehi, Elham Behtari Nezhad, A Relationship Between Tactical Processes of Knowledge Management and Organizational Intelligence: Iranian Evidence (pdf) World Applied Sciences Journal 12 (9): 1413-1421 (2011) ISSN 1818-4952.

    Mohammadreza Zarbakhsh, Hamidreza Alipour, Karim Dawabin Zahra, Mahrabi Taleghani, Standardization of Albrecht’s Organizational Intelligence of the Personnel and Principals of the Junior High Schools of the West of Mazandaran Province (pdf). Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(10): 990-995, (2011)
    ISSN 1991-8178


    NOW AVAILABLE The draft of my book on Organizational Intelligence is now available on LeanPub http://leanpub.com/orgintelligence. Please support this development by subscribing and commenting. Thanks. 

    Karl Albrecht on Organizational Intelligence

    Karl Albrecht has defined seven characteristic features of an
    intelligent organization, and has designed a self-assessment
    questionnaire for creating a profile of the intelligence of an
    organization.

    1. Strategic Vision: do we know where we’re going?
    2. Shared Fate: are we all in the same boat?
    3. Appetite for Change: can we face the unexpected challenges?
    4. Heart: do we have the spirit and energy to succeed?
    5. Alignment and Congruence: do the organization’s “rules and tools”
    help us succeed?
    6. Knowledge Deployment: do we share our information, knowledge, and
    wisdom?
    7. Performance Pressure: are we serious about getting things done?

    Some of his questions are useful, but I don’t think they provide a
    rounded view of the intelligence of an organization.

    1. By strategic vision, Albrecht is referring to the capacity to
    create, evolve, and express the purpose of the enterprise. This is
    certainly an important aspect of sense-making, but overlooks an
    equally important aspect of sense-making, which is to understand the
    evolving demands of the environment and to align vision and purpose
    to these demands. In Albrecht’s model of organizational
    intelligence, there is no explicit connection between vision and
    reality, and no mention of the extent to which organizations (and
    their leaders) understand and anticipate the present and future.

    2. A stupid organization can still have a sense of community, and a
    strong collective affiliation to an outdated or unrealistic vision,
    leading to a collective refusal to face facts.

    3. An appetite for change is important, but profound change also
    requires a degree of patience and a willingness to tolerate
    uncertainty and inconsistency. Albrecht talks about discomfort, but
    many organizations try to avoid discomfort by rushing through
    changes as quickly as possible, often resulting in a series of
    failed initiatives.

    4.  Heart. This may well be a consequence of organizational
    intelligence – an organization that values and engages the
    intelligence and creativity of its employees should end up with more
    satisfied and engaged and committed employees. But this is also strongly connected to trust.

    5. Alignment and congruence. This is to do with the architecture of
    collaboration, which is perhaps the most difficult aspect of
    organizational intelligence. The most intelligent organizations
    typically don’t display complete congruence, but manage with a degree of
    creative tension and conflict between different functions or positions.

    6. Knowledge deployment. Albrecht concentrates on generating and sharing
    knowledge (flow of knowledge, conservation of sensitive information,
    the availability of information at key points of need) but I see the key
    capability for organizational intelligence in terms of linking
    knowledge to action. How has this knowledge helped us do things better,
    or to do better things?

    7. Performance pressure – a preoccupation with the performance of the enterprise, in terms of the achievement of identified strategic objectives and tactical outcomes. This preoccupation is found
    in many bureaucratic organizations, especially those dominated by the
    so-called target culture which often militates against organizational
    intelligence. I therefore cannot see any necessary correlation between
    performance pressure and organizational intelligence.

    A company like Enron would probably have scored fairly high on
    Albrecht’s questionnaire, but it also provided a spectacular illustration of
    Albrecht’s Law, namely that “intelligent people, when assembled into
    an organization, will tend toward collective stupidity”.

    Albrecht identifies two kinds of stupidity, which he calls the
    learned kind and the designed-in kind.

    • The learned kind prevails when people are not authorized to
      think, or don’t believe they are.
    • The designed-in kind prevails when the rules and systems make
      it difficult or impossible for people to think creatively,
      constructively, or independently.

    I believe there is a third kind of stupidity, which I call the
    disconnected kind. This is where there are many talented people, but
    they don’t talk to each other; where the feedback and learning loops are
    broken; and where management fails to connect the dots. This is the
    Enron model of organizational stupidity, and in my view it is the most
    powerful explanation for the kind of organizational stupidity that
    Albrecht identifies in his eponymous
    law. But Albrecht’s questionnaire is not designed to detect this
    kind of stupidity.


    Karl Albrecht, The Power of Minds at Work: Organizational
    Intelligence in Action (2002)

    Karl Albrecht, Organizational
    Intelligence & Knowledge Management: Thinking Outside the
    Silos. The Executive Perspective
    (pdf)

    Karl Albrecht, Organizational
    Intelligence Profile: Preliminary Assessment Questionnaire

    (pdf 2002)

    See also OrgIntelligence in Iran

    Daoism and Rocket Science

    Who is to say whether a scientific or technical discovery is accidental or planned? Historians of science often point out that there was some luck involved in Fleming’s “accidental” discovery of penicillin. But Fleming and his assistants were already a…

    Daoism and Rocket Science

    Who is to say whether a scientific or technical discovery is accidental or planned? Historians of science often point out that there was some luck involved in Fleming’s “accidental” discovery of penicillin. But Fleming and his assistants were already actively searching for anti-bacterial agents, and the discovery of penicillin followed a similar path to his earlier discovery of the anti-bacterial properties of egg-white (lysozyme), so it is misleading to describe the discovery of penicillin as a complete accident.

    Some historians of science now suggest that the Chinese invention of rockets was an accident. They argue that Daoist thinkers would have understood explosion as a violent response to the combination of Yin and Yang, and that they would therefore have been unable to think systematically about a reaction involving three ingredients instead of two. In other words, a given mental model or frame constrains investigation. (Unlike the Fleming example.)

    Of course we must be cautious about interpreting historical Daoist thought against either a modern understanding of the chemistry of gunpowder, or even against a modern interpretation of Daoist thought. Perhaps the ancient Chinese did not see any contradiction between a three-way chemical reaction and Daoism, and that this apparent contradiction is merely a modern projection. (In other words, the modern historians perceive the past using their own mental models or frames. None of us can escape this.)

    However, it is still true that mental models can constrain what we perceive, as well as how we make sense of our perceptions and act upon them, and this has important implications for innovation and organizational intelligence.


    Frank H. Winter, Michael J. Neufeld, Kerrie Dougherty, Was the rocket invented or accidentally discovered? Some new observations on its origins (Acta Astronautica, Volume 77, August–September 2012, Pages 131–137) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.03.014

    Corrinne Burns, Oops, I invented the rocket! The explosive history of serendipity (Guardian, 4 May 2012)