Agile Architecture

Mapping Agile Architecture

by

Jason Bloomberg recently published a mind map for Agile Architecture. It’s a nice map that sketches top level thinking and I welcome that. It prompted me to do a drill down.

Mind maps are useful in that they are, by definition free form and intended to support brain storming. The downside is obvious – they are generally inconsistent and cause modelers’ intense frustration! Caveat emptor over, I fully agree with Jason that we need a dual interpretation of Agile  – that is Agile practices and Agile Architecture, and I have written about this on many occasions. Also that the entire motivation is about business agility. On this last point my mind map is clearly a little more technical than Jason’s, and on reflection I think that is because it’s essential to converge the business and technology concerns.

For example, the map suggests a strong capability centric approach to interpret the business morphology. However this is insufficient; the technology must also establish appropriate levels of implementation independence that will facilitate the pluggability of business capabilities. Similarly you might think that considerations regarding the platform and delivery technology (such as MDA/MDD) are irrelevant to business concerns. However the platform and platform delivery technology are potentially massive drivers of rapid iteration and ongoing change, because they encapsulate common application level infrastructure and common services, so understanding the “business” standardization and localization model is crucial to delivering agility through this structure.

References:
Related posts: 

Mapping Agile Architecture

by

Jason Bloomberg recently published a mind map for Agile Architecture. It’s a nice map that sketches top level thinking and I welcome that. It prompted me to do a drill down.

Mind maps are useful in that they are, by definition free form and intended to support brain storming. The downside is obvious – they are generally inconsistent and cause modelers’ intense frustration! Caveat emptor over, I fully agree with Jason that we need a dual interpretation of Agile  – that is Agile practices and Agile Architecture, and I have written about this on many occasions. Also that the entire motivation is about business agility. On this last point my mind map is clearly a little more technical than Jason’s, and on reflection I think that is because it’s essential to converge the business and technology concerns.

For example, the map suggests a strong capability centric approach to interpret the business morphology. However this is insufficient; the technology must also establish appropriate levels of implementation independence that will facilitate the pluggability of business capabilities. Similarly you might think that considerations regarding the platform and delivery technology (such as MDA/MDD) are irrelevant to business concerns. However the platform and platform delivery technology are potentially massive drivers of rapid iteration and ongoing change, because they encapsulate common application level infrastructure and common services, so understanding the “business” standardization and localization model is crucial to delivering agility through this structure.

References:
Related posts: 

Not Another Framework? Part 2

by

In my last post Oh No! We need another Practice Framework,  I developed the earlier theme commenced in “Beware the New Silos”. I argued that the widely used frameworks are narrowly discipline centric and actually inhibit cross discipline working. I described how my own firm’s experiences have led to the development of a de facto framework, (we call it SOAM) and illustrated how this is essentially a value chain commencing with customer demand and finishing with value add to some enterprise.

I ended by sketching some basic principles concluding that we need a new framework that is goal driven and incorporates the entire value chain of capabilities, which of course may selectively reuse some parts of existing frameworks. In this post, I suggest a strawman that covers a) principles and b) capability model.

Before diving into principles, it will be useful to declare some scope. Our framework has developed from working with larger enterprises, both commercial and government in the area of business service and solution delivery. All of these enterprises share common issues that they have extensive legacy application assets that act as a serious inhibitor to business change, and successive, narrowly scoped solution projects over many years have often resulted in great complexity and technical debt. It is also common in my experience that enterprise architecture functions are routinely bypassed or ignored; that Agile methods have been attempted and found useful on narrow focused projects, but because of the constrained focus, tend to increase overall complexity of the ongoing application asset base; that consistent customer experiences are commonly compromised by narrow focused projects; and line of business managers in large enterprises are frequently dissatisfied with IT application service support.

The objectives of the framework are to:

– describe practices relevant to service and solution delivery in the digital business environment
– achieve a balance between short term goals and longer term objectives
– support progressive transformation to an enterprise comprised of independent business capabilities
– facilitate continuous, short cycle time evolution of business capability
– progressively and continuously resolve legacy portfolio complexities
– enable rapid delivery at low cost without compromise in quality

Principles are foundational for any framework. 

Principles should be enduring and lead to both excellent policy communication and policy interpretation in everyday situations. I also find it useful to classify principles by subject.

Capability Model

In business architecture the capability model has become ubiquitous. And in thinking organizations I observe delivery of highly independent service and solution components that reduce dependencies and the impact of change, as well as mirroring the IT architecture on the business organization. Why wouldn’t we use the same approach in defining a set of activities to deliver services and solutions?

If you are uncertain about the capability concept, it’s important to appreciate that the optimum business capability is one that enables:
– maximum cohesion of internal functional capability, plus consistency of life cycle, strategic class (core, context, innovating . . . ), business partition (global, local, LoB . . ), standardization, customizability, stability, metrics and drivers
– defined, stable dependencies that are implemented as services
[Further reading on capability optimization ]

In the capability dependency model below, the arrows are dependencies. For example, Demand Shaping is dependent upon Conceptual Business Modeling and Portfolio Management.  So this is not a flow diagram, rather all the capabilities should be regarded as iterative, I will come back and discuss how Lean principles operate in a framework like this, and as discussed above, highly independent.

Most of the capabilities in the model are self-explanatory. However some need explanation:
1. The Conceptual Business Modeling capability is the ability for business stakeholders to describe business improvement in conceptual terms. Many business people speak in solution terms. Most business requirements therefore surface as solutions, some more baked than others. Because the business stakeholder generally has the budget, the solution vision frequently drives and shapes the project with outcomes that frequently compromise the existing and planned portfolio. By educating business stakeholders to communicate in concepts, the opportunity is created to develop the business improvement idea without preconceptions of implementation or product, and to optimize architectural and portfolio integration. 
2. Demand Management is reasonably well understood. Demand Shaping is best regarded as a complementary capability that takes raw customer demand and decomposes into components such as pre-existing or planned services/APIs, considers opportunities for modernization and provisioning, and reassembles as a set of projects or project components that optimize the progressive development of the portfolio. Demand Shaping is primarily an architectural task, but should be run by a cross functional team including architect, product management, business design and technical expert roles. 
3. The Architecture Capability is shown as a decomposition of sub-capabilities, essentially one for each View, plus modernization. Whilst modernization is not classically an architecture view, there is commonly a specialist requirement for modernization architecture that will include identification of appropriate transformation and transitional architecture patterns. The primary objective of all of the architecture sub-capabilities is to define realizable structure to meet the demand and, as discussed above, to optimize opportunities for modernization and provisioning. While there is no explicit enterprise architecture View called out, each architecture capability should be executed separately and iteratively for reference, portfolio, program, project and module, thereby defining progressive layers of standard functionality that will be common to the defined scope, as well as situation specific business functionality. 
I will detail all the capabilities in a subsequent post.

Final remarks. 

This high level view of the framework has attempted to list a set of principles and associated capabilities required to support the value chain illustrated in Part 1 of this extended blog post. What will hopefully have become clear is the need for architecture capabilities particularly to be involved throughout the value chain. This approach integrates all types of architecture (enterprise, service, solution, deployment  . . . ) into the business improvement value chain and creates better opportunity to demonstrate the ROI on architecture. Further the approach prevents enterprise architecture particularly becoming divorced from mainstream business improvement and encourages a better balance of short term and strategic goals. What will not yet be fully clarified is how the framework is very strongly focused on realizing architecture in delivered services and solutions, as a series of successive collaborations. I will describe how this is done using a Lean approach in a subsequent post. 
                  Beware the New Silos

Not Another Framework? Part 2

by

In my last post Oh No! We need another Practice Framework,  I developed the earlier theme commenced in “Beware the New Silos”. I argued that the widely used frameworks are narrowly discipline centric and actually inhibit cross discipline working. I described how my own firm’s experiences have led to the development of a de facto framework, (we call it SOAM) and illustrated how this is essentially a value chain commencing with customer demand and finishing with value add to some enterprise.

I ended by sketching some basic principles concluding that we need a new framework that is goal driven and incorporates the entire value chain of capabilities, which of course may selectively reuse some parts of existing frameworks. In this post, I suggest a strawman that covers a) principles and b) capability model.

Before diving into principles, it will be useful to declare some scope. Our framework has developed from working with larger enterprises, both commercial and government in the area of business service and solution delivery. All of these enterprises share common issues that they have extensive legacy application assets that act as a serious inhibitor to business change, and successive, narrowly scoped solution projects over many years have often resulted in great complexity and technical debt. It is also common in my experience that enterprise architecture functions are routinely bypassed or ignored; that Agile methods have been attempted and found useful on narrow focused projects, but because of the constrained focus, tend to increase overall complexity of the ongoing application asset base; that consistent customer experiences are commonly compromised by narrow focused projects; and line of business managers in large enterprises are frequently dissatisfied with IT application service support.

The objectives of the framework are to:

– describe practices relevant to service and solution delivery in the digital business environment
– achieve a balance between short term goals and longer term objectives
– support progressive transformation to an enterprise comprised of independent business capabilities
– facilitate continuous, short cycle time evolution of business capability
– progressively and continuously resolve legacy portfolio complexities
– enable rapid delivery at low cost without compromise in quality

Principles are foundational for any framework. 

Principles should be enduring and lead to both excellent policy communication and policy interpretation in everyday situations. I also find it useful to classify principles by subject.

Capability Model

In business architecture the capability model has become ubiquitous. And in thinking organizations I observe delivery of highly independent service and solution components that reduce dependencies and the impact of change, as well as mirroring the IT architecture on the business organization. Why wouldn’t we use the same approach in defining a set of activities to deliver services and solutions?

If you are uncertain about the capability concept, it’s important to appreciate that the optimum business capability is one that enables:
– maximum cohesion of internal functional capability, plus consistency of life cycle, strategic class (core, context, innovating . . . ), business partition (global, local, LoB . . ), standardization, customizability, stability, metrics and drivers
– defined, stable dependencies that are implemented as services
[Further reading on capability optimization ]

In the capability dependency model below, the arrows are dependencies. For example, Demand Shaping is dependent upon Conceptual Business Modeling and Portfolio Management.  So this is not a flow diagram, rather all the capabilities should be regarded as iterative, I will come back and discuss how Lean principles operate in a framework like this, and as discussed above, highly independent.

Most of the capabilities in the model are self-explanatory. However some need explanation:
1. The Conceptual Business Modeling capability is the ability for business stakeholders to describe business improvement in conceptual terms. Many business people speak in solution terms. Most business requirements therefore surface as solutions, some more baked than others. Because the business stakeholder generally has the budget, the solution vision frequently drives and shapes the project with outcomes that frequently compromise the existing and planned portfolio. By educating business stakeholders to communicate in concepts, the opportunity is created to develop the business improvement idea without preconceptions of implementation or product, and to optimize architectural and portfolio integration. 
2. Demand Management is reasonably well understood. Demand Shaping is best regarded as a complementary capability that takes raw customer demand and decomposes into components such as pre-existing or planned services/APIs, considers opportunities for modernization and provisioning, and reassembles as a set of projects or project components that optimize the progressive development of the portfolio. Demand Shaping is primarily an architectural task, but should be run by a cross functional team including architect, product management, business design and technical expert roles. 
3. The Architecture Capability is shown as a decomposition of sub-capabilities, essentially one for each View, plus modernization. Whilst modernization is not classically an architecture view, there is commonly a specialist requirement for modernization architecture that will include identification of appropriate transformation and transitional architecture patterns. The primary objective of all of the architecture sub-capabilities is to define realizable structure to meet the demand and, as discussed above, to optimize opportunities for modernization and provisioning. While there is no explicit enterprise architecture View called out, each architecture capability should be executed separately and iteratively for reference, portfolio, program, project and module, thereby defining progressive layers of standard functionality that will be common to the defined scope, as well as situation specific business functionality. 
I will detail all the capabilities in a subsequent post.

Final remarks. 

This high level view of the framework has attempted to list a set of principles and associated capabilities required to support the value chain illustrated in Part 1 of this extended blog post. What will hopefully have become clear is the need for architecture capabilities particularly to be involved throughout the value chain. This approach integrates all types of architecture (enterprise, service, solution, deployment  . . . ) into the business improvement value chain and creates better opportunity to demonstrate the ROI on architecture. Further the approach prevents enterprise architecture particularly becoming divorced from mainstream business improvement and encourages a better balance of short term and strategic goals. What will not yet be fully clarified is how the framework is very strongly focused on realizing architecture in delivered services and solutions, as a series of successive collaborations. I will describe how this is done using a Lean approach in a subsequent post. 
                  Beware the New Silos

Agile is not Dead, it’s Morphing

by

I note healthy discussion around whether Agile is Dead [ref 1]. And while I may sympathize (sic) with many of the comments, particularly the commercial trivialization of education, the core issue must surely be the difficulty of adopting de facto Agile practices to support real world enterprise programs and projects. My experience is most of the advice and guidance out there is predicated on scaling the de facto Agile development methods. And this isn’t the best place to start.

An exception is Dean Leffingwell’s SAFe, [ref 2] which does introduce the idea of portfolio, program and project perspectives and intentional architecture. I recommend this framework as an intelligent set of practices, but for me it doesn’t go far enough because it is still primarily about development practices. This is the core problem – that Agile is development specific and practices only. In the enterprise, Agile development needs to be an integral part of a bigger ecosystem spanning business design, architecture, requirements, modernization and operational transformation practices plus architecture, delivery and modernization disciplines.

I am indebted to Dave Thomas whose recent blog, [ref 1] includes a worthy successor to the Agile Manifesto, reducing the original, development specific values and principles to a minimalist, more generic set. He says; “here is how to do something in an agile fashion”
– Find out where you are
– Take a small step towards your goal
– Adjust your understanding based on what you learned
– Repeat
And this is more useful in the enterprise context because it is relevant to a broader set of activities than purely software development.

The diagram below is an outline maturity model template for Agile in the enterprise. It suggests there are four key views that need to be part of the transformation.  In addition to agile practices we need to be equally focused on what elements of agile architecture are required for an enterprise. What the agile delivery framework is and how the existing application portfolio will be modernized to progressively eliminate the duplication and complexity present in every enterprise on the planet.

People & Process. Much of the dissatisfaction with Agile arises from the limitations of the basic Agile practices, and the need to compromise these in an enterprise context. Both DAD and RUP (yes it’s an iterative method) are examples of extended or hybrid practices that introduce coordination, phasing and other disciplines that are more acceptable in enterprises that require traceability, governance and compliance with pre-existing life cycle practices. Enterprise frameworks such as Leffingwell’s SAFe as discussed and Everware-CBDI’s SOAM are examples of frameworks that adhere more closely to the purity of Agile principles while addressing enterprise specific needs. SAFe provides a framework which is more strongly Lean, coordinating portfolio, program and project activity to meet agile release train demand. SOAM provides a complementary, full life cycle process framework for software service modernization and delivery.

Agile Architecture. There is a requirement to articulate the enterprise requirements for agility as a reference architecture for business agility. In today’s fast moving world core architecture for the business, services, implementations, technology and deployments needs to be:
– under continuous development using Agile principles
– derived from the assessment of business needs for response to change, and constantly updated to reflect competitive and technology opportunities and threats.
– mapped to service architectures, patterns, policies and modernization strategies
– modeled using MDA/MDD to allow delivery as consistent architecture runways for portfolio and demand management, programs and projects.

Agile Delivery Framework. Most enterprises have a well-defined delivery framework of tools, repositories, templates etc that are designed to support well established QA and delivery policies. This is one of the most common inhibitors that Agile projects in the enterprise have to  overcome. In an enterprise Agile context that framework must be realigned to provide maximum automation of life cycle management and governance so that key enterprise requirements for integrity can be met without loss of productivity. Similarly the development  activity must be structured so that developers can extend the architecture runway with business solution specific rules and behaviors in a managed fashion which preserves the integrity of the architecture. Everware-CBDI has pioneered this runway extension capability implemented as a model driven (MDA/MDD) capability in which the runway code is generated and provided to developers enabling very significant productivity gains in both forward engineering and even more so in iteration.

Agile Modernization.  Finally in an enterprise context the elephant in the room is the existing or legacy portfolio. Unless this elephant is addressed, the enterprise will continue to create more and more complexity, increase costs and reduce response times to change. What’s required is a discipline of continuous, Agile modernization. That means, using Dave Thomas’s minimalist manifesto [above] every portfolio item, program and project must include steps to find out the current situation and address minimum goals that reduce complexity and support a progressive modernization strategy. Without that, all enterprise Agile projects will remain narrow focus and simply add technical debt.

I suggest that while Agile is not dead in the enterprise it is certainly struggling to survive. This is because Agile practices alone will be suffocated at birth by enterprise realities of consistency and integrity; or turned into narrow focus, standalone projects; or morphed into BAU. I really don’t want to enter into a debate about nouns or verbs, life is too short.  IMO Agile has considerable momentum and it can be morphed into a ground breaking concept that delivers enterprise business agility.

References
1 Agile is Dead (Long Live Agility)
2 Dean Leffingwell SAFe

Agile is not Dead, it’s Morphing

by

I note healthy discussion around whether Agile is Dead [ref 1]. And while I may sympathize (sic) with many of the comments, particularly the commercial trivialization of education, the core issue must surely be the difficulty of adopting de facto Agile practices to support real world enterprise programs and projects. My experience is most of the advice and guidance out there is predicated on scaling the de facto Agile development methods. And this isn’t the best place to start.

An exception is Dean Leffingwell’s SAFe, [ref 2] which does introduce the idea of portfolio, program and project perspectives and intentional architecture. I recommend this framework as an intelligent set of practices, but for me it doesn’t go far enough because it is still primarily about development practices. This is the core problem – that Agile is development specific and practices only. In the enterprise, Agile development needs to be an integral part of a bigger ecosystem spanning business design, architecture, requirements, modernization and operational transformation practices plus architecture, delivery and modernization disciplines.

I am indebted to Dave Thomas whose recent blog, [ref 1] includes a worthy successor to the Agile Manifesto, reducing the original, development specific values and principles to a minimalist, more generic set. He says; “here is how to do something in an agile fashion”
– Find out where you are
– Take a small step towards your goal
– Adjust your understanding based on what you learned
– Repeat
And this is more useful in the enterprise context because it is relevant to a broader set of activities than purely software development.

The diagram below is an outline maturity model template for Agile in the enterprise. It suggests there are four key views that need to be part of the transformation.  In addition to agile practices we need to be equally focused on what elements of agile architecture are required for an enterprise. What the agile delivery framework is and how the existing application portfolio will be modernized to progressively eliminate the duplication and complexity present in every enterprise on the planet.

People & Process. Much of the dissatisfaction with Agile arises from the limitations of the basic Agile practices, and the need to compromise these in an enterprise context. Both DAD and RUP (yes it’s an iterative method) are examples of extended or hybrid practices that introduce coordination, phasing and other disciplines that are more acceptable in enterprises that require traceability, governance and compliance with pre-existing life cycle practices. Enterprise frameworks such as Leffingwell’s SAFe as discussed and Everware-CBDI’s SOAM are examples of frameworks that adhere more closely to the purity of Agile principles while addressing enterprise specific needs. SAFe provides a framework which is more strongly Lean, coordinating portfolio, program and project activity to meet agile release train demand. SOAM provides a complementary, full life cycle process framework for software service modernization and delivery.

Agile Architecture. There is a requirement to articulate the enterprise requirements for agility as a reference architecture for business agility. In today’s fast moving world core architecture for the business, services, implementations, technology and deployments needs to be:
– under continuous development using Agile principles
– derived from the assessment of business needs for response to change, and constantly updated to reflect competitive and technology opportunities and threats.
– mapped to service architectures, patterns, policies and modernization strategies
– modeled using MDA/MDD to allow delivery as consistent architecture runways for portfolio and demand management, programs and projects.

Agile Delivery Framework. Most enterprises have a well-defined delivery framework of tools, repositories, templates etc that are designed to support well established QA and delivery policies. This is one of the most common inhibitors that Agile projects in the enterprise have to  overcome. In an enterprise Agile context that framework must be realigned to provide maximum automation of life cycle management and governance so that key enterprise requirements for integrity can be met without loss of productivity. Similarly the development  activity must be structured so that developers can extend the architecture runway with business solution specific rules and behaviors in a managed fashion which preserves the integrity of the architecture. Everware-CBDI has pioneered this runway extension capability implemented as a model driven (MDA/MDD) capability in which the runway code is generated and provided to developers enabling very significant productivity gains in both forward engineering and even more so in iteration.

Agile Modernization.  Finally in an enterprise context the elephant in the room is the existing or legacy portfolio. Unless this elephant is addressed, the enterprise will continue to create more and more complexity, increase costs and reduce response times to change. What’s required is a discipline of continuous, Agile modernization. That means, using Dave Thomas’s minimalist manifesto [above] every portfolio item, program and project must include steps to find out the current situation and address minimum goals that reduce complexity and support a progressive modernization strategy. Without that, all enterprise Agile projects will remain narrow focus and simply add technical debt.

I suggest that while Agile is not dead in the enterprise it is certainly struggling to survive. This is because Agile practices alone will be suffocated at birth by enterprise realities of consistency and integrity; or turned into narrow focus, standalone projects; or morphed into BAU. I really don’t want to enter into a debate about nouns or verbs, life is too short.  IMO Agile has considerable momentum and it can be morphed into a ground breaking concept that delivers enterprise business agility.

References
1 Agile is Dead (Long Live Agility)
2 Dean Leffingwell SAFe

Agile SOA in the Digital Economy

by

Are you and your enterprise a prisoner of the past? I don’t mean legacy applications and technologies, I mean today’s business processes and applications. I work with many different enterprises and what’s common to the great majority is the centrality of business processes and applications, and the difficulty in evolving these existing solutions.

Actually I am frequently amazed at the understanding of many business managers. I marvel at how they use the lingua franca of their applications to describe their business. I will readily admit that when I first meet someone like this it’s a bit scary, because their vocabulary is like a foreign language. But frequently I find that it’s also a foreign language to their colleagues and it represents a rather primitive form of power play! Believe me. And that vocabulary of course often pervades the business process also. But the even scarier thing is that these organizations don’t realize they are locked into yesterday; or looking in the rear view mirror is you prefer. And just like Fred Brooks mythical beasts, struggling against the grip of the tar pits [1], they will eventually be overwhelmed by the complexity and their inability to change. Yes they may be delivering Cloud based Web and mobile applications to their customers, but are they just adding to the inherent business complexity?

I observe smart, successful companies making major mistakes as they enter the digital economy. First they set up an eServices project or division. This is treated as an innovation center and separated from the core business, in order to get to market quickly. But of course when they get to market the new products don’t integrate with the core business. Sure there’s application and service integration, anyone can patch old and new together at that level; but what about the way the business works; the business model and the vocabulary used, the opportunities for channel switching, and the development of distinctive sales and customer support systems and internal and external company culture that transcends the technology channels. And the ability to evolve the old and new in a way that they complement each other?

This problem is visible in the decreasing agility of organizations. Many have adopted Agile development but, and I say this as a certified Scrum Master, how many Agile projects think about the vocabulary and integrated business model issue? Yes Agile projects generally deliver faster, better and cheaper, but are they basically adding to the size and eventual grip of the tar pit? Just getting there faster!

In the digital economy enterprises must turn themselves inside-out! Expose their core business capabilities as services through multiple, interconnected channels for internal and external use. Today’s SOA best practice is primarily inwards looking. What’s required is a new form of business model that details the new world from the customers’ perspective. And this needs to be reflected in the way the business operates internally also.

The new business model needs to be a radical departure from de facto practices in business architecture, enterprise architecture or business requirements. And it needs to be developed to govern Agile development projects. Key characteristics include:
– A service oriented business model that transcends business and IT.
– Understandable by all stakeholders
– Owned by the business.
– All enterprise capabilities are (eventually) published as externalized business services and supported by common software services
– Implementation independent models
– Developed as part of an Agile process – initial scoping sprint, followed by drill down modeling sprints by domain and or capability; delivering just sufficient detail to charter Agile delivery projects.

[1] The Mythical Man-Month, Fred Brooks, 1972

Agile SOA in the Digital Economy

by

Are you and your enterprise a prisoner of the past? I don’t mean legacy applications and technologies, I mean today’s business processes and applications. I work with many different enterprises and what’s common to the great majority is the centrality of business processes and applications, and the difficulty in evolving these existing solutions.

Actually I am frequently amazed at the understanding of many business managers. I marvel at how they use the lingua franca of their applications to describe their business. I will readily admit that when I first meet someone like this it’s a bit scary, because their vocabulary is like a foreign language. But frequently I find that it’s also a foreign language to their colleagues and it represents a rather primitive form of power play! Believe me. And that vocabulary of course often pervades the business process also. But the even scarier thing is that these organizations don’t realize they are locked into yesterday; or looking in the rear view mirror is you prefer. And just like Fred Brooks mythical beasts, struggling against the grip of the tar pits [1], they will eventually be overwhelmed by the complexity and their inability to change. Yes they may be delivering Cloud based Web and mobile applications to their customers, but are they just adding to the inherent business complexity?

I observe smart, successful companies making major mistakes as they enter the digital economy. First they set up an eServices project or division. This is treated as an innovation center and separated from the core business, in order to get to market quickly. But of course when they get to market the new products don’t integrate with the core business. Sure there’s application and service integration, anyone can patch old and new together at that level; but what about the way the business works; the business model and the vocabulary used, the opportunities for channel switching, and the development of distinctive sales and customer support systems and internal and external company culture that transcends the technology channels. And the ability to evolve the old and new in a way that they complement each other?

This problem is visible in the decreasing agility of organizations. Many have adopted Agile development but, and I say this as a certified Scrum Master, how many Agile projects think about the vocabulary and integrated business model issue? Yes Agile projects generally deliver faster, better and cheaper, but are they basically adding to the size and eventual grip of the tar pit? Just getting there faster!

In the digital economy enterprises must turn themselves inside-out! Expose their core business capabilities as services through multiple, interconnected channels for internal and external use. Today’s SOA best practice is primarily inwards looking. What’s required is a new form of business model that details the new world from the customers’ perspective. And this needs to be reflected in the way the business operates internally also.

The new business model needs to be a radical departure from de facto practices in business architecture, enterprise architecture or business requirements. And it needs to be developed to govern Agile development projects. Key characteristics include:
– A service oriented business model that transcends business and IT.
– Understandable by all stakeholders
– Owned by the business.
– All enterprise capabilities are (eventually) published as externalized business services and supported by common software services
– Implementation independent models
– Developed as part of an Agile process – initial scoping sprint, followed by drill down modeling sprints by domain and or capability; delivering just sufficient detail to charter Agile delivery projects.

[1] The Mythical Man-Month, Fred Brooks, 1972

Will Microsoft’s Reorganization Work?

by

I note Microsoft are reorganizing, again. From a products divisional organization to functional. Evidently they want to copy firms like Apple that have been demonstrably successful at delivering integrated products. The problem for Microsoft is that do…